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Compare Norfolk Island (2005) - Comoros (2002)

Compare Norfolk Island (2005) z Comoros (2002)

 Norfolk Island (2005)Comoros (2002)
 Norfolk IslandComoros
Administrative divisions none (territory of Australia) 3 islands; Grande Comore (Njazidja), Anjouan (Nzwani), and Moheli (Mwali); note - there are also four municipalities named Domoni, Fomboni, Moroni, and Moutsamoudou
Age structure 0-14 years: 20.2%


15-64 years: 63.9%


65 years and over: 15.9% (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 42.9% (male 132,013; female 131,282)


15-64 years: 54.2% (male 164,245; female 168,793)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 8,588; female 9,461) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava (tapioca)
Airports 1 (2004 est.) 4 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2002)
Area total: 34.6 sq km


land: 34.6 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 2,170 sq km


land: 2,170 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. Unstable Comoros has endured 19 coups or attempted coups since gaining independence from France in 1975. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared their independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI seized power. He has pledged to resolve the secessionist crisis through a confederal arrangement named the 2000 Fomboni Accord. In December 2001, voters approved a new constitution and presidential elections took place in the spring of 2002.
Birth rate NA 39.01 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $20 million


expenditures: $20 million, including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00)
revenues: $27.6 million


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital Kingston Moroni
Climate subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)
Coastline 32 km 340 km
Constitution Norfolk Island Act of 1979 23 December 2001


note: a Transitional National Unity Government (GUNT) was formed on 20 January 2002 following the passing of the new constitution; the GUNT governed until the presidential elections on 14 April 2002
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island


conventional short form: Norfolk Island
conventional long form: Union of the Comoros


conventional short form: Comoros


local long form: Union des Comores


local short form: Comores
Currency - Comoran franc (KMF)
Death rate NA 9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external NA $225 million
Dependency status territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) the US does not have an embassy in Comoros; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Comoros
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador-designate Ahmed DJABIR (ambassador to the US and Canada and permanent representative to the UN)


chancery: (temporary) care of the Permanent Mission of the Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros to the United Nations, 420 East 50th Street, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (212) 972-8010 and 223-2711


FAX: [1] (212) 983-4712 and 715-0699
Disputes - international none claims French-administered Mayotte; the island of Anjouan (Nzwani) has moved to secede from Comoros again after recent military coup
Economic aid - recipient NA $10 million (2001 est.)
Economy - overview Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of three islands that have inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, contributes 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for the bulk of imports. The government is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, to promote tourism, and to reduce the high population growth rate. Increased foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be met. Remittances from 150,000 Comorans abroad help supplement GDP.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 17.67 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production NA kWh 19 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 89%


hydro: 11%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Le Kartala 2,360 m
Environment - current issues NA soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000) Comoran francs per US dollar - 557.09 (January 2002), 549.78 (2001), 533.98 (2000), 461.77 (1999), 442.46 (1998), 437.75 (1997)


note: prior to January 1999, the official rate was pegged to the French franc at 75 Comoran francs per French franc; since 1 January 1999, the Comoran franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 491.9677 Comoran francs per euro
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003)


head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001)


cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator


elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 Ocotber 2004 (next to be held by December 2007)


election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2%
chief of state: President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2002); note - AZALI Assoumani became president on 6 May 1999 after a bloodless coup on 30 April 1999; on 16 January 2002, President AZALI resigned his position to run in the 14 April 2002 presidential elections; during that time, Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO served as interim president; AZALI Assoumani sworn in as president on 26 May 2002


head of government: Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO (since NA November 2000); note - on 16 January 2002, President AZALI resigned his position to run in the 14 April 2002 presidential elections; Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO was appointed interim president and Djaffar SALIM interim deputy prime minister


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2007); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: President AZALI Assoumani elected president with 75% of the vote
Exports $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY99/00) $35.3 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra
Exports - partners Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe France 46%, US 18%, Singapore 18%, Germany 9% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered within the triangle is a white crescent with the convex side facing the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent; the horizontal bands and the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
GDP - purchasing power parity - $424 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
agriculture: 40%


industry: 4%


services: 56% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - NA purchasing power parity - $710 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA 1% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 29 02 S, 167 57 E 12 10 S, 44 15 E
Geography - note most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel
Highways total: 80 km


paved: 53 km


unpaved: 27 km (2001)
total: 880 km


paved: 673 km


unpaved: 207 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92) $44.9 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities NA rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods; petroleum products, cement, transport equipment
Imports - partners Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe France 34%, South Africa 14%, Kenya 7%, Pakistan 4% (1999)
Independence none (territory of Australia) 6 July 1975 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate NA -2% (1999 est.)
Industries tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete tourism, perfume distillation
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
81.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA 3.5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation UPU ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, CCC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTrO (applicant)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of the republic)
Labor force 1,345 144,500 (1996 est.)
Labor force - by occupation tourism 90%, subsistence agriculture 10% agriculture 80%
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
arable land: 34.98%


permanent crops: 17.94%


other: 47.08% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)
Legal system based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)
bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (15 seats - five from each island); members selected by regional councils for six-year terms) and a Federal Assembly or Assemblee Federale (42 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - the Federal Assembly was dissolved following the coup of 30 April 1999


elections: Federal Assembly - last held 1 and 8 December 1996 (next to be held NA April 2003)


election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RND 39, FNJ 3, independent 1


note: the constitution stipulates that only parties that win six seats in the Federal Assembly (two from each island) are permitted to be in the opposition, but if no party accomplishes that, the second most successful party will be in the opposition; in the elections of December 1996 the FNJ appeared to qualify as opposition
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
total population: 60.79 years


male: 58.56 years


female: 63.09 years (2002 est.)
Literacy NA definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 57.3%


male: 64.2%


female: 50.4% (1995 est.)
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique
Map references Oceania Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 139,779 GRT/205,369 DWT


ships by type: cargo 6


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Malta 1, Pakistan 1, Turkey 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia -
Military branches - Comoran Security Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $6 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 3% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 145,509 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 86,455 (2002 est.)
National holiday Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856) Independence Day, 6 July (1975)
Nationality noun: Norfolk Islander(s)


adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
noun: Comoran(s)


adjective: Comoran
Natural hazards typhoons (especially May to July) cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano
Natural resources fish NEGL
Net migration rate NA NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders none Front National pour la Justice or FNJ (Islamic party in opposition) [Ahmed Abdallah MOHAMED, Ahmed ABOUBACAR, Soidiki M'BAPANOZA]; Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND (party of the government) [Ali Bazi SELIM]
Political pressure groups and leaders none NA
Population 1,828 (July 2005 est.) 614,382 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 60% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate -0.01% (2005 est.) 2.99% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade Fomboni, Moroni, Moutsamoudou
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005) AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios - 90,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census) Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%
Sex ratio NA at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: free local calls


international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station
general assessment: sparse system of microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communication stations


domestic: HF radiotelephone communications and microwave radio relay


international: HF radiotelephone communications to Madagascar and Reunion
Telephones - main lines in use 2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004) 7,000 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002) NA
Television broadcast stations 1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005) NA
Terrain volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills
Total fertility rate NA 5.26 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 0% 20% (1996 est.)
Waterways - none
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